Today, all states use specialized license plates for cars. An important feature is that they are significantly different. This applies in particular to European countries.
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What they look like
The use of vehicles for personal purposes and their ownership are permitted on the territory of all states without exception.
In European and others, special state numbers are used that carry individual identification information. It must be remembered that these numbers vary significantly in all EU countries without exception.
Previously, all countries that were part of the EU used different registration marks. Moreover, they all had the same purpose. But unified standards for this kind of registration marks were introduced relatively long ago.
They are established by EU Council Resolution No. 2411/98 of November 3, 1998. This resolution came into force on November 11.
The signs of the following countries were used as a model when creating uniform standards:
- Ireland (1991);
- Portugal (1992);
- Germany (1994).
The years are indicated in order to understand the format of the numbers. Since throughout the 20th century, the format of this type of number changed quite significantly in all countries without exception.
It is important to remember the large number of nuances associated with the standards used. If possible, it is worth familiarizing yourself with all of them in advance.
The following main elements are applied to the registration plate itself:
- on the left side there is a star ring on a blue background with the Latin letter “D”;
- Next is a set of letters and numbers - the individual registration number of a specific car registered in the European Union.
The overall dimensions of the type of sign in question are standard. That is why, usually, after transporting cars from EU countries, no difficulties with subsequent installation arise.
To have an idea of what the numbers of European countries look like, it’s worth familiarizing yourself with the examples.
They look like this:
- Austria:
- Ireland:
- Portugal:
- Germany:
Decoding European license plates
It is enough to simply decipher the license plates that are installed on cars in EU countries. At the moment, on the Internet you can easily find a complete set of designations for various types of countries.
The full list of designations on EU license plates is reflected in the following regulatory documents:
- Geneva Convention on Road Traffic - from 1949;
- – 1968.
At the same time, a fairly large number of codes coincide with those indicated in the international regulatory document ISO 3166-1. It is also important to remember that there are quite a large number of unofficial codes.
Similar ones are not used in EU countries, but are used by various unrecognized republics and other territorial associations.
Each country is assigned its own individual number. It should be remembered that when traveling to EU countries in your own car, which has a Russian license plate, you must affix a sticker with the corresponding letter designation (RUS) to the car body.
At the same time, traveling abroad itself has a large number of nuances and features. You will need to familiarize yourself with all of them in advance. This way you can avoid the occurrence of a variety of difficulties.
Car codes for European countries
European car license plates are equipped with special codes, depending on the country in which the specific car was registered.
Today the EU includes countries with the following designations:
Austria A Belgium B Bulgaria B.G. Great Britain G.B. Hungary H Germany D Greece GR Denmark DK Ireland IRL Spain E Italy I Cyprus C.Y. Latvia LV Lithuania LT Luxembourg L Malta M.T. Netherlands NL Poland P.L. Slovakia S.K. Slovenia SLO Portugal P Romania R.O. Finland FIN France F Croatia HR Czech CZ Sweden S Estonia EST European license plates by country must be provided with special numbers and letters. There is a fairly large number of different nuances associated with such designations.
How to attach
The fastening of the number plate of the type in question is carried out in a standard manner, almost completely corresponding to the process of fastening the number plate in the Russian Federation.
Today there are several methods for installing this kind of state-type identification marks on a car:
- using bolts, on standard landing marks;
- by through drilling;
- on self-tapping screws.
The optimal solution would be to use regular bolts for mounting the license plate. You can purchase such hardware at any hardware store.
Almost all cars without exception are equipped with standard pre-fabricated holes in a specially adapted location on the bumper. It will be enough to arm yourself with a pair of keys and a screwdriver for installation.
The bolt goes right through the number plate, number frame, and a special mounting surface. After this, the back side is screwed using a nut and washers.
There are also criminal elements associated with number plate theft in the EU. It is for this purpose that all kinds of special fastening methods are used. This allows you to reduce the likelihood of number theft to a very minimum.
One such method is through-drilling the bumper. This will allow you to secure the number in such a way that in the absence of a lift, special tools and time, it will be virtually impossible to remove the number.
The only option is a grinder. As practice shows, criminals rarely have such tools with them.
A special tool is also often used to install rivets. You can purchase it yourself to carry out the fastening procedure (its cost is low) or contact a specialized workshop.
There are quite a large number of different alternative options. It is possible to use long screws as hardware. But such fasteners are not reliable enough.
Nylon clamps are often used. They are used to fasten the number frame to the number itself.
This kind of procedure allows you to reduce the likelihood of accidentally losing your number. But at the same time, this method of fastening still will not protect against fraudsters who steal license plates.
There is a certain list of requirements for the license plate itself. A special standard does not allow changes to the design.
Currently it is prohibited in the EU:
- change the overhangs of the front and rear corners of the car using a license plate (as well as other structures);
- In no case should the license plates themselves cover the light and signal elements with their plane or protrude beyond the dimensions of the car;
- The license plate itself should not be drilled; standard mounting holes must be used.
The EU sets certain standards for the location of the license plate within 4 planes.
The following specific standards are established:
In no case is it allowed to use various types of elements that obscure the information reflected on the number. And this also applies to fastening elements. The heads of screws, bolts or other components must be colorless.
The use of all kinds of reflective components is prohibited. A complete list of all actions prohibited by law is reflected in special documents of the European Union. It is important to remember that they apply to almost all countries without exception.
Old numbers that do not comply with EU standards are only used in the UK and some other EU entities. The reason for this is the special conditions for joining this conglomerate.
The situation is similar with the standards that apply to mounting a license plate on a vehicle body. They are different for the UK and other countries in the same position.
Responsibility in the EU and other European countries for lack of numbers
If you need to travel in your own car to EU countries, you must make sure that you have a license plate on your vehicle.
Moreover, the very fact of his presence is important. After crossing the border of the Russian Federation, the features of fastening the license plate and other points will not be important.
It is only required that there are no problems with reading information directly from the number. Otherwise, the road inspector will issue a fine for an administrative violation.
What should a resident of Serbia do if his license plates were stolen in Russia? Or maybe he just lost his license plate or the plate was damaged? Of course, the first thought that comes to mind is to contact the traffic police, write a statement, then wait until they consider it and issue new state registration numbers for the car. As an additional “bonus”, the foreigner will still have to contact the embassy of his country, which further complicates the procedure. And our company is ready to offer a simpler way out of the situation - order the production of duplicate Serbian license plates.
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, Grotska, Zvezdara, Zemun, Lazarevac, Mladenovac, Novi Beograd, Obrenovac, Palilula, Rakovica, Savski Venac, Sopot, Stari Grad, Surcin, Čukarica
BO Bor Majdanpek, Bor BP Backa Palanka Backa Palanka BT Backa Topola Backa Topola BЋ Bogatich Bogatich BOO Bujanovac Bujanovac Warhead Becey Becey VA Valevo Lajkovac, Ljig, Mionica, Osečina, Valjevo WB Vrnjacka Banya Vrnjacka Banya VL Vlasotince Vlasotince VP Velika Plana Velika Plana VR Vranje Bosilegrad, Vladicin Han, Presevo, Surdulica Trgovishte, Vranje Sun Vrbas Vrbas VS Vršac Bela Crkva, Plandiste, Vršac GL Gnilane Vytina, Kosovska Kamenica, Novo Brdo, Gnjilane GM Gornji Milanovac Gornji Milanovac DE Despotovac Despotovac ЂА Gjakovica Decani, Gjakovica BEHIND Zajecar Bolevac, Sokobanja, Zajecar ZR Zrenjanin Žitište, Novi Bečej, Nova Crnja, Sečanj, Zrenjanin IN Indzhija Indzhija IC Ivanica Ivanica JA Yagodina Rekovac, Jagodina CA Kanizha Kanizha HF Kraljevo Kraljevo KG Kragujevac Batocina, Knić, Lapovo, Rača, Kragujevac QoL Knjazevac Knjazevac CI Kikinda Czoka, Novi Knezevac, Kikinda KL Kladovo Kladovo KM Kosovska Mitrovica Vučitrn, Zvenčan, Zubin Potok, Leposavic, Srbica, Kosovska Mitrovica KO Kovin Kovin KS Krusevac Brus, Varvarin, Čičevac, Krusevac LB Lebane Lebane LE Leskovac Bojnik, Medvedja, Crna Trava, Leskovac LO Loznica Krupanj, Ljubovija, Mali Zvornik, Loznica LU Luciani Luciani NV Nova Varos Nova Varos NG Negotin Negotin NI Nis Dolevac, Gajin Khan, Meroshina, Razanj, Svrlig, Niš NP New-Pazar Novi Pazar NS Novi Sad Bac, Bački Petrovac, Beocin, Zabalj, Srbobran, Sremski Karlovci, Temerin, Titel, Novi Sad PA Pancevo Alibunar, Kovacica, Opovo, Pancevo PB Surf Surf PE Pecs Istok, Klina, Pecs pancreas Pozega Pozega PZ Prizren Gora, Orahovac, Suva Reka, Prizren PI Pirot Babushnitsa, Bela Palanka, Dimitrovgrad, Pirot PC Prokuple Blace, Zitorača, Kuršumlija, Prokuplje Mon Paracin Paracin BY Požarevac Veliko Gradiste, Golubac, Žaari, Žagubica, Kučevo, Malo Crniće, Požarevac PP Prijepolje Prijepolje ETC Pristina Glovac, Kosovo Polje, Lipljan, Obilic, Podujevo, Pristina PT Petrovac na Mlavi Petrovac na Mlavi RA Raska Raska RU Ruma Irig, Pecinci, Ruma SA Senta Ada, Senta NE Svilajnac Svilajnac SD Smederevo Smederevo CJ Senica Senica CM Sremska Mitrovica Sremska Mitrovica CO Sombor Apatin, Kula, Ojatsi, Sombor JV Smederevska Palanka Smederevska Planka ST Stara Pazova Stara Pazova SU Subotica Mali Izhdesh, Subotica THAT Topola Topola TS Trstenik Trstenik TT Tutin ЋУ Chupriya Chupriya UB Ub Ub UE Užice Arile, Koserich, Čajetina, Užice UR Urosevac Kacanik, Urosevac, Stimle, Strpce CHA Cacak Cacak SHA Sabac Vladimirtsi, Kotseleva, Sabac SHI Sheed Sheed Former states: Write a review on the article "Index of Serbian license plates"
An excerpt characterizing the Serbian License Plate Index
The movement of peoples begins to settle into its shores. The waves of the great movement have subsided, and circles are formed on the calm sea, in which diplomats rush, imagining that they are the ones causing the lull in the movement.
But the calm sea suddenly rises. It seems to diplomats that they, their disagreements, are the reason for this new onslaught of forces; they expect war between their sovereigns; The situation seems insoluble to them. But the wave, the rise of which they feel, is not rushing from where they expect it. The same wave is rising, from the same starting point of movement - Paris. The last surge of movement from the west is taking place; a splash that should resolve the seemingly intractable diplomatic difficulties and put an end to the militant movement of this period.
The man who devastated France, alone, without a conspiracy, without soldiers, comes to France. Every watchman can take it; but, by a strange coincidence, not only does no one take it, but everyone greets with delight the man whom they cursed the day before and will curse in a month.
This person is also needed to justify the last collective action.
The action is completed. The last role has been played. The actor was ordered to undress and wash off the antimony and rouge: he would no longer be needed.
And several years pass in which this man, alone on his island, plays a pathetic comedy in front of himself, petty intrigues and lies, justifying his actions when this justification is no longer needed, and shows the whole world what it was like what people took for strength when an invisible hand guided them.
The manager, having finished the drama and undressed the actor, showed him to us.
- Look what you believed! Here he is! Do you see now that it was not he, but I who moved you?
But, blinded by the power of the movement, people did not understand this for a long time.
The life of Alexander I, the person who stood at the head of the countermovement from east to west, is even more consistent and necessary.
What is needed for that person who, overshadowing others, would stand at the head of this movement from east to west?
What is needed is a sense of justice, participation in European affairs, but distant, not obscured by petty interests; what is needed is a predominance of moral heights over one’s comrades—the sovereigns of that time; a meek and attractive personality is needed; a personal insult against Napoleon is needed. And all this is in Alexander I; all this was prepared by countless so-called accidents of his entire past life: his upbringing, his liberal initiatives, his surrounding advisers, Austerlitz, Tilsit, and Erfurt.
During a people's war, this person is inactive, since he is not needed. But as soon as the need for a common European war arises, this person at that moment appears in his place and, uniting the European peoples, leads them to the goal.
The goal has been achieved. Since the last war of 1815, Alexander is at the height of possible human power. How does he use it?
Alexander I, the pacifier of Europe, a man who from his youth strove only for the good of his people, the first instigator of liberal innovations in his fatherland, now that he seems to have the greatest power and therefore the opportunity to do the good of his people, while Napoleon exile makes childish and deceitful plans about how he would make humanity happy if he had power, Alexander I, having fulfilled his calling and sensing the hand of God on himself, suddenly recognizes the insignificance of this imaginary power, turns away from it, transfers it into the hands of those despised by him and despised people and says only:
- “Not for us, not for us, but for your name!” I am a human being too, just like you; leave me to live as a human being and think about my soul and God.Just as the sun and each atom of the ether is a ball, complete in itself and at the same time only an atom of a whole inaccessible to man due to the enormity of the whole, so each personality carries within itself its own goals and, at the same time, carries them in order to serve common goals inaccessible to man. .
A bee sitting on a flower stung a child. And the child is afraid of bees and says that the purpose of a bee is to sting people. The poet admires a bee digging into the calyx of a flower and says that the bee’s goal is to absorb the aroma of flowers. The beekeeper, noticing that the bee collects flower dust and brings it to the hive, says that the bee's goal is to collect honey. Another beekeeper, having studied the life of a swarm more closely, says that the bee collects dust to feed young bees and breed the queen, and that its goal is to procreate. The botanist notices that, by flying with the dust of a dioecious flower onto the pistil, the bee fertilizes it, and the botanist sees the bee’s purpose in this. Another, observing the migration of plants, sees that the bee promotes this migration, and this new observer can say that this is the purpose of the bee. But the final goal of the bee is not exhausted by either one, or the other, or the third goal, which the human mind is able to discover. The higher the human mind rises in the discovery of these goals, the more obvious to it is the inaccessibility of the final goal.
Man can only observe the correspondence between the life of a bee and other phenomena of life. The same goes for the goals of historical figures and peoples.The wedding of Natasha, who married Bezukhov in 13, was the last joyful event in the old Rostov family. That same year, Count Ilya Andreevich died, and, as always happens, with his death the old family fell apart.
The events of the last year: the fire of Moscow and the flight from it, the death of Prince Andrei and Natasha’s despair, the death of Petya, the grief of the Countess - all this, like blow after blow, fell on the head of the old count. He did not seem to understand and felt unable to understand the meaning of all these events and, morally bending his old head, as if he was expecting and asking for new blows that would finish him off. He seemed either frightened and confused, or unnaturally animated and adventurous.
Natasha's wedding occupied him for a while with its external side. He ordered lunches and dinners and, apparently, wanted to appear cheerful; but his joy was not communicated as before, but, on the contrary, aroused compassion in the people who knew and loved him.
After Pierre and his wife left, he became quiet and began to complain of melancholy. A few days later he fell ill and went to bed. From the first days of his illness, despite the doctors' consolations, he realized that he would not get up. The Countess, without undressing, spent two weeks in a chair at his head. Every time she gave him medicine, he sobbed and silently kissed her hand. On the last day, he sobbed and asked for forgiveness from his wife and in absentia from his son for the ruin of his estate - the main guilt that he felt for himself. Having received communion and special rites, he died quietly, and the next day a crowd of acquaintances who had come to pay their last respects to the deceased filled the Rostovs’ rented apartment. All these acquaintances, who had dined and danced with him so many times, who had laughed at him so many times, now all with the same feeling of inner reproach and tenderness, as if making excuses for someone, said: “Yes, whatever it was, there was a most wonderful Human. You won’t meet such people these days... And who doesn’t have their own weaknesses?..”
It was at a time when the count’s affairs were so confused that it was impossible to imagine how it would all end if it continued for another year, he unexpectedly died.
Nicholas was with the Russian troops in Paris when news of his father's death came to him. He immediately resigned and, without waiting for it, took a vacation and came to Moscow. The state of financial affairs a month after the count's death became completely clear, surprising everyone with the enormity of the amount of various small debts, the existence of which no one suspected. There were twice as many debts as estates.
